Residents around Lake Erie are no strangers to warnings about blue-green algae blooms. Advisories typically caution against swimming in contaminated waters, preventing pets from exposure, and avoiding ingestion of the toxic algae. Direct contact can lead to skin irritation, throat discomfort, or eye irritation. However, a less known risk involves airborne exposure to algae particles, which can enter the respiratory system.
Researchers, led by Professor David Kennedy from the University of Toledo’s Great Lakes Center for Freshwater and Human Health, are investigating the health implications of inhaling airborne algae toxins. The ongoing Great Lakes Aerosol Monitoring Research Study (GLAMR) focuses on individuals in the western Lake Erie basin region, aiming to identify how these toxins affect people’s health, particularly those who may be more vulnerable.
The study, which is in its initial phase expected to span five years, has already enlisted around 200 participants out of a target of 75%. Participants, regardless of nationality, are monitored for symptoms during and outside of peak algae bloom seasons. Samples including blood, urine, breath, and nasal swabs are collected for analysis.
Airborne algae toxins, once aerosolized, can travel long distances and linger in the air, potentially affecting coastal communities as well. These toxins, similar to asthma triggers, can lead to respiratory issues, commonly known as the “August cough.” While the long-term effects of inhaling algae toxins are not yet fully understood, experts suggest that respiratory exposure may pose greater risks than ingestion.
Researchers aim to define the duration and reach of airborne algae toxins, considering the unique topography around Lake Erie, which facilitates the spread of airborne pollutants. Unlike water contamination, controlling airborne toxins presents more significant challenges due to air’s unrestricted movement. The study seeks to raise awareness about the potential health hazards of airborne algae and provide actionable recommendations to mitigate exposure risks for communities residing near the Great Lakes.